Comparative Assessment of Herbal, Saturated Saline and Chlorhexidine Mouthrinse on Oral Hygiene Status of Visually Compromised Children: A Randomised Parallel Arm Clinical Study

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: May 29, 2023
Keywords:
Saturated saline green tea chlorhexidine plaque index gingival index special children

Main Article Content

Makwani Disha
Senior lecturer, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
Panchal Margi
Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
Bhatt Rohan
Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
Patel Megha
Professor and Head, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
Patel Chhaya
Reader, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.

Abstract

Background: The condition of children's teeth has far-reaching effects on their overall health. This is especially important for the visually impaired, who may lack the manual dexterity necessary to properly care for their oral hygiene. Better oral hygiene can be attained by combining traditional tooth brushing with the mechanical movements of mouth rinse. Constant efforts have been made to replace it with other holistic ways due to certain unpleasant side effects on long-term usage of chlorhexidine (CHX) and an overall paradigm shift towards the use of more organic items.
Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of herbal, chlorhexidine, and saturated saline mouthwash on the oral hygiene status of children with visual impairment.
Methodology: A total of 42 children with visual impairments, ranging in age from 6 to 12 years old, were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group A (Herbal), Group B (Chlorhexidine), or Group C (Saturated Saline). The level of oral hygiene was evaluated for each group using the "Silness-Loe Plaque index (PI)" and the "Gingival Index (GI) by Loe and Sillness" at the beginning of the study as well as after 21 and 45 days had passed.
Results: At the 45th day, Group B had the lowest plaque index and gingival index (PI=0.890.06, GI=0.830.04), followed by Group A (PI=0.960.06, GI=0.970.04) and Group C (PI=1.160.07, GI=1.250.07). However, no statistically significant difference in plaque index (P=0.019) or gingival index (P=0.173) was identified between Group A and Group B at the 45th day. At the 45th day, there was a statistically significant difference between Group A-Group C and Group B-Group C for both plaque index and gingival index (P0.001).

Conclusion: Green tea mouthwash can be a viable alternative to chlorhexidine in reducing plaque index and gingival index. Using saturated saline mouthwash regularly can enhance a person's overall oral hygiene and hence it can be used as an economical and easily accessible alternative.

Article Details

How to Cite
Makwani Disha, Panchal Margi, Bhatt Rohan, Patel Megha, & Patel Chhaya. (2023). Comparative Assessment of Herbal, Saturated Saline and Chlorhexidine Mouthrinse on Oral Hygiene Status of Visually Compromised Children: A Randomised Parallel Arm Clinical Study. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 11(2), 554–561. Retrieved from https://www.jclmm.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1047
Issue
Vol. 11: Number 2, 2023
Section
Articles

References

Elworthy A, Greenman J, Doherty FM, Newcombe RG, Addy M. The substantivity of a number of oral hygiene products determined by the duration of effects on salivary bacteria.

J Periodontol 1996;67:572-6.

Cousido MC, Tomás Carmona I, García-Caballero L, Limeres J, Alvarez M, Diz P. In vivo substantivity of 0.12% and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinses on salivary bacteria. Clin Oral Investig. 2010;14(4):397-402.

Van Strydonck D.A., Slot D.E., Van der Velden U., Van der Weijden F. Effect of a chlorhexidine mouthrinse on plaque, gingival inflammation and staining in gingivitis patients: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39:1042–1055

Addy M., Moran J. Mechanisms of Stain Formation on Teeth, in Particular Associated with Metal Ions and Antiseptics. Advances in Dental Research. 1995;9:450–456.

Okamoto M, Sugimoto A, Leung KP, Nakayama K, Kamaguchi A, Maeda N. Inhibitory effect of green tea catechins on cysteine proteinases in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Oral Microbiology and Immunology. 2004;19(2):118–120.

Rupesh S, Winnier J, Nayak UA, Rao AP, Reddy VN. The Effects of an Alum-containing Mouthrinse and a Saturated Saline Rinse on Existing Plaque Levels in Children. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(1):7-11.

Eshghpour M, Mortazavi H, Mohammadzadeh Rezaei N, Nejat A. Effectiveness of green tea mouthwash in postoperative pain control following surgical removal of impacted third molars: double blind randomized clinical trial. Daru. 2013 Jul;21(1):59.

White GE, Armaleh MT. Tongue scrapping as a means of reducing oral mutans streptococci. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2004;28(2):163-166.

Löe, H. The Gingival Index, the Plaque Index and the Retention Index Systems. Journal of Periodontology 1967;38(6):610–616.

Teles RP, Teles FR. Antimicrobial agents used in the control of periodontal biofilms: Effective adjuncts to mechanical plaque control? Braz Oral Res. 2009;23(1):39–48.

Sinha N, Vyas U, Singh B. A prospective case-control study to evaluate oral health status before and after intervention using different dental aids in children with visual impairment. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2021;25(3):242-249.

AM, Sandvik L, Preus HR. Comparing the effect of 0.06% -, 0.12% and 0.2% Chlorhexidine on plaque, bleeding and side effects in an experimental gingivitis model: a parallel group, double masked randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):118.

Kaur H, Jain S, Kaur A. Comparative evaluation of the antiplaque effectiveness of green tea catechin mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014;18:178–82.

Yun JH, Pang EK, Kim CS, Yoo YJ, Cho KS, Chai JK, et al. Inhibitory effects of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and on the formation of osteoclasts. J Periodontal Res. 2004;39:300–7.

Poppolo Deus F, Ouanounou A. Chlorhexidine in Dentistry: Pharmacology, Uses, and Adverse Effects. Int Dent J. 2022;72(3):269-277.

Biswas S, Rithesh K, Savita S, Shivaprasad BM. Comparative evaluation of the effect of green tea, listerine and chlorhexidine mouth washes in gingivitis patients: A randomized controlled trial. Sch J Dent Sci 2015;2:104-12.

Priya BM, Anitha V, Shanmugam M, Ashwath B, Sylva SD, Vigneshwari SK. Efficacy of chlorhexidine and green tea mouthwashes in the management of dental plaque-induced gingivitis: A comparative clinical study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2015;6(4):505-509.

Shalini M, Ramesh A. Comparison of anti-plaque efficacy of green tea, herbal, and chlorhexidine mouthrinse in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Drug Invention Today. 2018;10(8):1323-1327.

Ekbom B, Hultgren L. Saltwater rinses can effect plaque formation. Abstract used from Tandlakartingen (Swedish) 1982;74:291-295. As cited from: White GE, Armaleh MT. Tongue scrapping as a means of reducing oral mutans streptococci. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2004;28(2):163-166.

Gupta RK, Gupta D, Bhaskar DJ, Yadav A, Obaid K, Mishra S. Preliminary antiplaque effiacy of aloe vera mouthwash on 4 day plaque re-growth model: Randomized control trial.

Ethiop J Health Sci 2014;24:139-44.