Effects of Home Confinement on Eating Behavior of Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction -The pandemic of the coronavirus has resulted in nationwide school closures, and lockdown, which has resulted in sedentary lifestyle of children and adolescents for substantial amount of time. Methodology- This observational cross-sectional study was conducted from 27th July 2021 to 23rd Sept. 2021 among the individuals less than 18 years of age in urban population in Ghaziabad city through a house-to-house survey, using a pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire. With 5% degree of precision, our minimum sample size was calculated to be 384. Since there were sufficient resources available and it was found that the sample size required for 99% confidence level was 664, therefore to enhance the reliability of the outcome of the study we collected the data for 666 individuals. Result - In this study 391 (58.7%) individuals were males and 275 (41.3%) females. Most of the study subject 275 (41.3%) belonged to the 5–10-year age group. Among the study participants in 1- 10-year age group odds of not doing physical activity were twice (OR 1.93 [95% CI 1.129 – 3.290]) as much as those in adolescent (10-18 years) age group. Odds of spending less than 2 hours in front of screen over and above online classes was more than twice 2.421 [95% CI 1.764-3.323]) among children of parents who had lost their jobs during the pandemic than those children whose parents were employed. Chances of mood swings were 8 (OR 8.333 [95% CI 2.867-24.224]) times higher among children, whose fathers’ education level was less than equal to intermediate than those children whose fathers were educated above intermediate level. Conclusion: This study identifies causes responsible for an altered lifestyle among children and their parents during the pandemic and determines an approach to prevent and/or reduce the harmful effects of these changes.
Article Details
References
Hossain, M.M.; Sultana, A.; Purohit, N. Mental health outcomes of quarantine and isolation for infection prevention: A systematic umbrella review of the global evidence. SSRN Electron. J. 2020. [CrossRef]
Bloch, W.; Halle, M.; Steinacker, J.M. Sport in times of Corona (Sport in Zeiten von Corona). Ger. J. Sports Med. 2020, 71, 83–84. [CrossRef]
Steinacker, J.M.; Bloch, W.; Halle, M.; Mayer, F.; Meyer, T.; Hirschmüller, A.; Roecker, K.; Wolfarth, B.; Nieß, A.; Reinsberger, C. Merkblatt: Gesundheitssituation für Sportler durch die aktuelle Coronavirus-Pandemie (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19). Dtsch. Z. Sportmed. 2020, 71, 85–86. [CrossRef]
Jeong H, Yim HW, Song Y-J, Ki M, Min JA, Cho J, et al. Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East respiratory syndrome. Epidemiol Health 2016;38: e2016048.
Lee S, Chan LY, Chau AM, Kwok KP, Kleinman A. The experience of SARS-related stigma at Amoy Gardens. Soc Sci Med 2005;61: 2038e46.
Hall RCW, Chapman MJ. The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak: lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics. Gen Hosp Psychiatr 2008; 30:446e52.
Rubin GJ, Potts HWW, Michie S. The impact of communications about swine flu (influenza A H1N1v) on public responses to the outbreak: results from 36 national telephone surveys in the UK. Health Technol Assess 2010; 14:183e266
Torres SJ, Nowson CA. Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity. Nutrition 2007;23(11- 12):887e94. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2007.08.008.
Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional recommendations for CoVID-19 quarantine. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020. https: //doi.org/10.1038/s41430-020-0635-2 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 14].
Rodríguez-Martín BC, Meule A. Food craving: new contributions on its assessment, moderators, and consequences. Front Psychol 2015; 6:21.
Laitinen J, Ek E, Sovio U. Stress-related eating and drinking behavior and body mass index and predictors of this behavior. Prev Med 2002;34(1):29e39. https: //doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2001.0948.
D. A. Loh, F. M. Moy, N. L. Zaharan, and Z. Mohamed, “Eating behaviour among multi-ethnic adolescents in a middle-income country as measured by the self-reported children’s eating behaviour questionnaire,” PloS One, vol. 8, no. 12, Article ID 82885, 2013.
J. Wardle, C. Guthrie, S. Sanderson, L. Birch, and R. Plomin, “Food and activity preferences in children of lean and obese parents,” International Journal of Obesity, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 971–977, 2001.
Panichsillaphakit E, Chongpison Y, Saengpanit P, Kwanbunbumpen T, Uaariyapanichkul J, Chomtho S, Pancharoen C, Visuthranukul C. Children’s eating behavior questionnaire correlated with body compositions of thai children and adolescents with obesity: A pilot study. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2021 Jan 15;2021.
S. Carnell and J. Wardle, “Measuring behavioural susceptibility to obesity: validation of the child eating behaviour questionnaire,” Appetite, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 104–113, 2007.
Taylor, C. M., & Emmett, P. M. (2019). Picky eating in children: causes and consequences. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 78(2), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665118002586.
Jess Hainesa, Emma Haycraftb , Leslie Lytlec , Sophie Nicklausd , Frans J. Koke , Mohamed Merdjif, Mauro Fisbergg , Luis A. Morenoh , Olivier Gouleti , Sheryl O. Hughes, Robinson, T.N.; Banda, J.A.; Hale, L.; Lu, A.S.; Fleming-Milici, F.; Calvert, S.L.; Wartella, E. Screen Media Exposure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2017, 140, 97–101
Story M, French S. Food advertising and marketing directed at children and adolescents in the US. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2004 Dec;1(1):1-7.
Robinson, E., Almiron-Roig, E., Rutters, F., de Graaf, C., Forde, C. G., Smith, C. T., et al. (2014). A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of eating rate on energy intake and hunger. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100, 123–151.
Russell, C. G., & Worsley, T. (2016). Associations between appetitive traits and food preferences in preschool children. Food Quality and Preference, 52, 172–178.
S´anchez, U., Weisstaub, G., Santos, J. L., Corval´an, C., & Uauy, R. (2016). GOCS cohort: children’s eating behavior scores and BMI. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, 925–928.
Santos, J. L., Ho-Urriola, J. A., Gonz´alez, A., Smalley, S. V., Domínguez-V´asquez, P., Cataldo, R., et al. (2011). Association between eating behavior scores and obesity in Chilean children. Nutrition Journal, 10, 108.
Haines J, Haycraft E, Lytle L, Nicklaus S, Kok FJ, Merdji M, Fisberg M, Moreno LA, Goulet O, Hughes SO. Nurturing children's healthy eating: position statement. Appetite. 2019 Jun 1; 137:124-33.