“A Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Standard Safety Precautions among Staff Nurses in Kheda and Anand District”

Abstract

Introduction

The invasion and growth of microorganisms those are not ordinarily present in the body, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. An infection may be subclinical and exhibit no symptoms, or it may be clinically evident and exhibit symptoms. An infection may move through the blood or lymphatic vessels to become systemic or it may stay localised (body wide). Infections are not thought to be caused by microbes that exist naturally in the body.

Background of the study

No of whether a patient has a suspected or proven infection, Standard Precautions are the minimal infection prevention procedures that must be followed in any place where medical care is provided. These procedures are intended to safeguard DHCP as well as stop it from infecting patients. Standard safety measures are designed to lower the danger of spreading blood-borne and other infections from both known and unknown sources. These are the fundamental measures of infection control that must be taken, at the very least, when caring for all patients.

Objectives of the study were

1)          To assess the Knowledge of Standard Safety Precautions among Staff Nurses in Kheda and Anand District.

2)          To assess the level of Attitude of Standard Safety Precautions among Staff Nurses in Kheda and Anand District.

3)          To assess the level of Practice of Standard Safety Precautions among Staff Nurses in Kheda and Anand District.

4)          To find out association between knowledge score with selected demographic variables among staff nurses in Kheda and Anand District.

Major findings and results of the study

The age distribution of the sample is as follows: sample 35 (50.07%) belongs to the 20–30 age group, sample 19 (27.05%) to the 31–40 age group, sample 09 (13%) to the 41–50 age group, and sample 6 (08.70%) to the 51–60 age group.

70 samples, 52 (75.04%) of the nurses were female, and 17 (24.06%) were male.

Regarding the Educational Qualification of nurses out of 70 samples, 02(2.9%) was ANM, 11(15.09%) was GNM, 55(79.07%) was B.Sc. Nursing, 1(1.4%) was M.Sc. Nursing.

Regarding the Years of Experience of nurses out of 70 samples, 49(71%) was <5 Years, 51(21.07%) was 5-10 Years and 05(07.2%) was >10 Years.

Regarding the Family Monthly Income of nurses out of 70 samples, 0(0%) was < 5000 Rupees, 34(49.03%) was 5000-10000 and 35(50.07%) was >1000 Rupees

Regarding the Exposure/training in infection control practices of nurses out of 70 samples, 68(98.06%) said yes and 1(1.4%) said No.

According to knowledge regarding Standard Safety Precautions where 03(04%) had Inadequate knowledge 29(42%) had Moderate knowledge, 38(55%) had Adequate Knowledge.

According to Attitude regarding Standard Safety Precautions where 06(09%) had Unfavourable Attitude 11 (16%) had Moderate Attitude, 53(77%) had Favourable Attitude.

According to practice on Standard Safety Precautions were found based on the practice questionnaire the nurses. Only 77.00 % nurses were found Favourable Attitude. 16.00% nurses with moderate favourable attitude and 9% nurses with unfavourable attitude.

Conclusion:

Conclusion of this research findings are as follows:

The majority of nurses has adequate knowledge and practice regarding Standard Safety Precautions. Only 4 % nurses was found that they do not follow proper Standard Safety Precautions. The study result evidence that almost school children’s have appropriate practice regarding all the aspect of Standard Safety Precautions only few sample were found not to follow practice properly. 

The present study was conducted among nurses working in hospital at Nadiad and Anand city in Gujarat. It can be concluded that the percentage of Standard Safety Precautions in terms of knowledge, attitude and practices   among primary school   children   was   found   to   be   satisfactory.   Majority   of   nurses seem   wear whole personal protective equipment, recap the used needle after injection, washes hands after taking off the gloves filtered water, wears gloves when comes in contact with blood. Standard Safety Precautions cannot be ignored. It should be followed by every nurse in the hospital. Proper training, knowledge and guidance in the hospital can increase the    awareness    and    importance of Standard Safety Precautions among nurses through   coordinated   education   measures   by clinical instructor.  Based  on  our   current  research  finding  we  believe  that  the  educational  authorities and higher authority  in  the  country  can  develop  and  adopt  policies  and  guidelines  that  will  make  way  to  have  adequate  access  to  resources,  items  and  opportunities  to  maintain  Standard Safety Precautions in the hospital. Hospital should provide Standard Safety Precautions education to nurses, to ensure that all nurses learn how  to use infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes.