Designing A Customized Device for Eccentric Exercise Training of Wrist Extensor Muscles in Individuals with Tennis Elbow
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background:
Tennis elbow is a common soft tissue injury most commonly seen in sports or work related activities. Eccentric exercise is a type of strengthening exercise that has been used quite frequently in reducing pain and to improve function in the involved muscles. This particular study focuses on designing a device that is based on principle of eccentric exercises and its role in increasing strength in the muscles by adding resistance. This study is to determine the efficiency of the device in terms of eccentric training.
Method:
A random sampling method was used to allocate the patients. A sample size of 50 individuals diagnosed with tennis elbow were included in the study. A protocol for eccentric exercise was set in which the patient was asked to perform the exercise with the help of a device 3 times in a day for 4 days in a week and the entire protocol was for 4 weeks.
Result: The study has proven to be very significant with a P value of <0.0001. Interpretation of all the outcome measures have shown P value of 0.001 with the help of paired t test. Later the results were tabularized by and put into the form of graphical format.
Conclusion: This device based on principle of eccentric exercises is significantly effective in the case of tennis elbow as it specifically focuses on eccentric contraction.
Article Details
References
Yoon SY, Kim YW, Shin IS, Kang S, Moon HI, Lee SC. The beneficial effects of eccentric exercise in the management of lateral elbow tendinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of clinical medicine. 2021 Jan;10(17):3968.
Bisset LM, Vicenzino B. Physiotherapy management of lateral epicondylalgia. Journal of physiotherapy. 2015 Oct 1;61(4):174-81.
Garden RS. Tennis elbow. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume. 1961 Feb;43(1):100-
Wadsworth TG. Tennis elbow: conservative, surgical, and manipulative treatment. British medical Journal (Clinical research ed.). 1987 Mar 7;294(6572):621.
McVay CB: Surgical Anatomy, Vol. 2, (6th Ed), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1984
Bryan RS, Morrey BF. The elbow and its disorders. Morrey BF ed. Fractures of the distal humerus. Philadelphia, WB Saunders: 325. 1985;333.
Carp L: Tennis elbow caused by radio- humeral bursitis. Arch Surg 24:905- 922, 1932
Osgood RB: Radiohumeral bursitis, ep- icondylitis, epicondylalgia. Arch Surg 4:420-433, 197
Nirschl RP: Prevention and treatment of elbow and shoulder injuries in the tennis player. Clin Sports Med 7:289- 308, 198
Cieck /H, Saliba E: Application of mo- dalities in overuse syndromes. Clin Sports Med 6:427-466, 1987
LaFreniere I: Tennis elbow evaluation, treatment and prevention. Phys Ther 59:742-746, 197
Nirschl RP: Tennis elbow. Orthop Clin North Am 4:787-799, 1973
Wright A, Vicenzino B. Lateral epicondylalgia II: therapeutic management. Physical Therapy Reviews. 1997 Mar 1;2(1):39-48.
Pienimaki T. Conservative treatment and rehabilitation of tennis elbow: a review article. Critical Reviews™ in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2000;12(3).
Bernhang AM, AM B. The many causes of tennis elbow.
Noteboom T, Cruver R, Keller J, Kellogg B, Nitz AJ. Tennis elbow: a review. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1994 Jun;19(6):357-66.
Sevier TL, Wilson JK. Methods utilized in treating lateral epicondylitis. Physical therapy reviews. 2000 Jun 1;5(2):117-24.
Khan KM, Cook JL, Kannus P, Maffulli N, Bonar SF. Time to abandon the “tendinitis” myth: painful, overuse tendon conditions have a non-inflammatory pathology. Bmj. 2002 Mar 16;324(7338):626-7.
Selvier T, Wilson J. Treating lateral epicondylitis. Sports Med 1999;28:375–80.
Stanish WD, Rubinovich RM, Curwin S. Eccentric exercise in chronic tendinitis. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 1986 Jul 1(208):65-8.
Stanton P, Purdam C. Hamstring injuries in sprinting—the role of eccentric exercise. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1989 Mar;10(9):343-9.
Fyfe IA, Stanish WD. The use of eccentric training and stretching in the treatment and prevention of tendon injuries. Clinics in sports medicine. 1992 Jul 1;11(3):601-24.
Kraushaar B, Nirschl R. Current concepts review – tendinosis of the elbow (tennis elbow). Clinical features and findings of histologica.
Hawary R, Stanish W, Curwin S. Rehabilitation of tendon injuries in sport. Sports Med 1997;24:347–58.
Öhberg L, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Eccentric training in patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis: normalised tendon structure and decreased thickness at follow up. British journal of sports medicine. 2004 Feb 1;38(1):8-11.
Ohberg L, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Neovascularisation in Achilles tendons with painful tendinosis but not in normal tendons: an ultrasonographic investigation. Knee Surgery Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2001;9:233–8
Cyriax JH. The pathology and treatment of tennis elbow. JBJS. 1936 Oct 1;18(4):921-40.
Pensini M, Martin A, Maffiuletti NA. Central versus peripheral adaptations following eccentric resistance training. International journal of sports medicine. 2002 Nov;23(08):567-74.
Fukashiro S, Komi PV, Jarvinen M, et al. In vivo Achilles tendon loading during jumping in humans. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 1995; 5: 453–8
Komi PV, Buskirk ER. Effect of eccentric and concentric muscle conditioning on tension and electrical activity of human muscle. Ergonomics. 1972; 15: 417–34.
Rees JD, Lichtwark GA, Wolman RL, Wilson AM. The mechanism for efficacy of eccentric loading in Achilles tendon injury; an in vivo study in humans. Rheumatology. 2008; 47: 1493–7
Allander E. Prevalence, incidence, and remission rates of some common rheumatic diseases or syndromes. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. 1974 Jan 1;3(3):145-53.
Rompe JD, Overend TJ, MacDermid JC. Validation of the patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation questionnaire. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2007 Jan 1;20(1):3-11.
Potter HG, Hannafin JA, Morwessel RM, DiCarlo EF, O'Brien SJ, Altchek DW. Lateral epicondylitis: correlation of MR imaging, surgical, and histopathologic findings. Radiology. 1995 Jul;196(1):43-6.
Ollivierre CO, Nirschl RP, Pettrone FA. Resection and repair for medial tennis elbow: a prospective analysis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1995 Mar;23(2):214-21.
COONRAD RW, HOOPER WR. Tennis elbow: its course, natural history, conservative and surgical management. JBJS. 1973 Sep 1;55(6):1177-82.
FROIMSON AI. Treatment of tennis elbow with forearm support band. JBJS. 1971 Jan 1;53(1):183-4.
Sarkar K, Uhthoff HK. Ultrastructure of the common extensor tendon in tennis elbow. Virchows Archiv A. 1980 Apr;386(3):317-30.
BOYD HB, MCLEOD JR AC. Tennis elbow. JBJS. 1973 Sep 1;55(6):1183-7.
Unverferth LJ, Olix ML. The effect of local steroid injections on tendon. The Journal of sports medicine. 1973 Jul;1(4):31-7.