“A Study to Assess the Accuracy of Nail Shade Device for Detecting and Grading Anaemia among the Pregnant Women”
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background- Approximately a third of the world's population has anaemia, making it the most prevalent blood condition. About a billion individuals have anaemia due to a lack of iron. There is mounting evidence that maternal anaemia increases the risk of both maternal or foetal mortality and morbidity.
Methodology- Quantitative research approach and comparative descriptive design was used on 290 pregnant women, at Krishna hospital, Karad. Pregnant women undergone haemoglobin estimation was included in the study by using convenient sampling technique. Data was collected by using interview technique. The nail blade of pregnant women was observed at first visit before hemoglobin estimation and grading was done as below 15, below 11, below 7 and compared with the findings of hemoglobin done by analyzer, the schedule was continued till completion of 165 anaemic pregnant women. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results- According to nail shade device, Majority of pregnant women 210 (72.41%) were having Hb level below 11 gm/dl, 77 (26.55%) were having Hb level below15 gm/dl, 3 (1.03%) were having Hb below 7 gm/dl. According to analyzer (lab reports) majority of pregnant women 208 (71.72) were having Hb level between 7 to 11 gm/dl, 79 (27.24%) were having Hb between 11 to 15 gm/dl and 3 (1.03%) were having Hb below 7 gm/dl. Spearman correlation coefficient i.e. r value was 1.000 whose one tailed p value was 0.1667 considered as significant. Non-parametric spearman correlation coefficient values and one tailed p value, found significant difference between mean ± SD Hb level of nail shade device and analyzer (p ˂ 0.0001)
Conclusion- The study concluded that the nail shade has the potential to be the appropriate tool for the detection and grading of anaemia (mild, moderate, severe) and it would help the community people to develop an understanding and in preventing anaemia.
Article Details
References
Janz TG, Johnson RL, Rubenstein SD (November 2013).Anemia in the emergency
department: evaluation and treatment. Emergency Medicine Practice.15 (11): 1–15, Archived from the original on 2016-10-18
GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (October 2016), Global, regional and national incidenc, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 2015, Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602.
Vos T, et al. (December 2012). Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010, a systemic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases study 2020, Lancet 380 (9859) :2163-96 doi; 10.1016/SO140-6736(12)61729.
Brabin, B. J. The Risks of Severity of Malaria in Pregnant Women. Applied field research in malaria; Report No 1 World Health Organization, Geneva. World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data repository (http://apps.who. int/gho/data/view.main.ANAEMIAWOMENNPWREG), accessed 12 February 2018).
The global prevalence of anaemia in 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/177094/1/9789241564960_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1, accessed 12 February 2018).
Sudha salan, Textbook of Obstetrics, Anusuya Dass, 2nd edition, page no 361-362.
World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund and European Commission. Global Nutrition Targets Tracking Tool. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. http://www.who.int/ nutrition/trackingtool/en/, accessed 12 February 2018).
Sant-Rayn Pasricha, Beverley-Ann Biggs, NS Prashanth, H Sudarshan, Rob Moodie, Jim Black et al. Factors Influencing Receipt of Iron Supplementation by Young Children and their Mothers in Rural India: Local and National Cross-Sectional Studies. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11: 617.(6)
Karine Tolentino, Jennifer F. Friedman. An Update on Anemia in Less Developed Countries. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2007; 77(1): 44-51. (7).
K Kalaivani. Prevalence and consequences of anaemia in pregnancy. Indian J Med Res. November 2009; 627- 33.(4).
Kalantri A, Karambelkar M, Joshi R, Kalantri S, Jajoo U, Accuracy and Reliability of pallor for detecting anaemia: A Hospital-Based diagnostic Accuracy Study. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 5, May-2015. (2010).
Maka SS, Tondare SB, Tondare MB. Study of impact of anemia on pregnancy. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2017;6:4847-50.
Parveen Rasheed, Manal R. Koura, Badria K, Ai-Dabal, and Suhair M, Makki Anaemia in pregnancy: a study among attendees of primary health care centers., doi;10.5144/0256-4947.2008,449, Journal List, Ann Saudi Med v28 (6): Nov-Dec 2008.
Meaza Lebso, Anchamo Anato, Eskindir Loha, Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study. anchamonanato@gmail.com. Received: April 21, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188783 December 11, 2017 2 / 11.
Priyanka Kumari, Neetu and Amoldeep, Prevalence of anemia and knowledge of risk factors about anemia in pregnant women: A study at Primary health centers in rural areas of North India. European journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ejbps, 2018, Volume 5, Issue Ⅰ 275- 279. SJIF Impact Factor 4.382, ISSN 2349-8870, Year: 2018.
Mrs. G. Aruna Asst. Prof., Dept. of OBG, Sree Naryana Nursing College, Nellore, Knowledge regarding anemia during pregnancy among antenatal mothers. NNJ. (2015), [cited July 01, 2016]; 4(4): 12-14. 2.
FekedeWeldekidan, MesfinKote, MeseretGirma, NegussieBoti,and Teklemariam Gultie, Determinants of Anaemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Public Health Facilities at Durame Town: Unmatched Case Control Study. Hindawi Anaemia Volume 2018, Received 25 May 2018; Revised 25 July 2018; Accepted 5 September 2018; Published 24 September 2018.
Kim Lam Soh, Eusni Rahayu Mohd Tohit, Salimah Japar, Soh Kim Geok, Norhaslinda Binti Ab Rahman4, Rosna Abdul Raman, Anemia among Antenatal Mother in Urban Malaysia, Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 2015, 3, 6-11 Published Online March 2015.
Idowu O.A, Mafiana C.F, and Sotiloye Dapo, Correspondence author: Idowu Olufunmilayo Ajoke Department of Biological Sciences University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria. Anaemia in pregnancy: a survey of pregnant women in Abeokuta, Nigeria, African Health Sciences 2005; 5(4): 295 – 299, African Health Sciences Vol 5 No 4 December 2005.
Erli Amel Ivan and Mangaiarkkarasi A., Evaluation of Anaemia in Booked Antenatal Mothers during the Last Trimester. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2013 Nov, Vol-7(11): 2487-2490.
Adamu Kenea, Efrem Negash, LemiBacha, and Negash Wakgari, Magnitude of Anemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Public Hospitals of Ilu Abba Bora Zone, South West Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Hindawi Anemia Volume 2018, Received 26 June 2018; Accepted 31 October 2018; Published 12 November 2018.