Sleep Disorders' Prevalence and Causes in a Rural Community in Northern India an Original Study
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: People all around the world suffer from sleep disturbances, which are a prevalent issue. In a rural population in Northern India, the purpose of this study is to ascertain the incidence and causes of sleep problems.
Materials and Procedures: This cross-sectional study involved 500 people in a rural village in Northern India, ranging in age from 18 to 60. Through the use of a multistage random sampling process, the participants were chosen. A standardized questionnaire that asked about sleep duration, quality, disturbances, and causes of sleep problems was used to gather the data. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data.
Results: Sleep disturbances were found to be 32.6% common. Insomnia was the most prevalent sleep condition (27.2%), and sleep apnea (3.6%) and restless legs syndrome (1.8%) were the next most prevalent. Stress was the main culprit in 36.4% of sleep disturbances, followed by illnesses (28.9%) and environmental variables (20.7%).
Conclusion: This rural group in Northern India has a greater frequency of sleep disorders than has been observed in other research done in India's cities. Inadequate healthcare facilities, poverty, a lack of social support, and other factors may all contribute to the higher frequency of sleep problems in this group. The findings of this research highlight the necessity for public health initiatives to raise awareness of sleep disorders and their causes as well as to offer suitable healthcare facilities for the treatment of sleep disorders in rural areas. In order to manage sleep problems in rural communities, it is necessary to offer suitable healthcare facilities and raise knowledge of sleep disorders and their causes.
Article Details
References
Goel D, Subramanyam A, Kamath R. A study on the prevalence of insomnia among the elderly in a rural community of Karnataka, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2018;7(1):170-175. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_266_17
Sundas N, Ghimire S, Bhusal S, Pandey R, Rana K, Dixit H. Sleep Quality among Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2020;58(222):76-79. doi:10.31729/jnma.4813
Sharma MP, Andrade C. Behavioral interventions for insomnia: Theory and practice. Indian J Psychiatry. 2012;54(4):360-367. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.104821
Rangarajan S, Rangarajan S, D'Souza GA. Restless legs syndrome in an Indian urban population. Sleep Med. 2007 Dec;9(1):88-93. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2006.11.004. Epub 2007 Sep 6. PMID: 17825618.
Gupta R, Goel D, Kandpal SD, Mittal N, Dhyani M, Mittal M. Prevalence of Sleep Disorders Among Primary School Children. Indian J Pediatr. 2016 Nov;83(11):1232-1236. doi: 10.1007/s12098-016-2138-7. Epub 2016 May 11. PMID: 27165476.
Bhaskar S, Hemavathy D, Prasad S. Prevalence of chronic insomnia in adult patients and its correlation with medical comorbidities. J Family Med Prim Care. 2016;5(4):780-784. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.201153
Ghalichi L, Pournik O, Ghaffari M, Vingard E. Sleep quality among health care workers. Arch Iran Med. 2013 Feb;16(2):100-3. PMID: 23360632.
Ramakrishnan K, Scheid DC. Treatment options for insomnia. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76(4):517-526. PMID: 17853625.
World Health Organization. World health statistics 2020: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. World Health Organization; 2020. Accessed April 28, 2023. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/332070/9789240005105-eng.pdf
Morin CM, LeBlanc M, Bélanger L, et al. Prevalence of insomnia and its treatment in Canada. Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56(9):540-548. doi:10.1177/070674371105600904
Ohayon MM. Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn. Sleep Med Rev. 2002;6(2):97-111. doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186
Doghramji K. The epidemiology and diagnosis of insomnia. Am J Manag Care. 2006;12(8 Suppl):S214-220. PMID: 16961430.
National Sleep Foundation. Sleep Disorders. Available at: https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-disorders. Accessed on March 15, 2023.
Gambhir IS, Chakrabarti SS, Sharma AR, Saran DP. Insomnia in the elderly—A hospital-based study from North India. Journal of Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2014 Dec 1;5(4):117-21..
Pandi-Perumal SR, Verster JC, Kayumov L, Lowe AD, Santana MG, Pelayo R, et al. Sleep disorders, sleepiness and traffic safety: a public health menace. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2006; 39(3): 863-871. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000600017.
Nutt D, Wilson S, Paterson L. Sleep disorders as core symptoms of depression. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2008;10(3):329-336. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.3/dnutt.
Deepalakshmi K, Vijayabaskaran S, Thamaraiselvi SR, Nagashree R. Association between Quality of Sleep and Academic Performance in Medical Students: A Preliminary Study. ijop [Internet]. 2020 Apr. 29 [cited 2023 Apr. 28];8(2):73-6. Available from: https://ijop.net/index.php/ijop/article/view/1246.
Ali S, Stone MA, Peters JL, Davies MJ, Khunti K. The prevalence of co-morbid depression in adults with Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2006;23(11):1165-1173. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01943.x
Fernandez-Mendoza J, Vgontzas AN. Insomnia and its impact on physical and mental health. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013;15(12):418. doi:10.1007/s11920-013-0418-8
Rajaratnam SM, Arendt J. Health in a 24-h society. Lancet. 2001;358(9286):999-1005. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06108-6
Chokroverty S. Overview of sleep & sleep disorders. Indian J Med Res. 2010;131:126-140.
Roth T. Insomnia: definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007;3(5 Suppl):S7-S10.
Benca RM. Mood disorders. In: Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC, eds. Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2017:1317-1325.
Altevogt BM, Colten HR, editors. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2006. PMID: 20669438
Zinchuk AV, Jeon S, Koo BB, Yan X, Bravata DM, Qin L, Selim BJ, Strohl KP, Redeker NS, Concato J, Yaggi HK. Polysomnographic phenotypes and their cardiovascular implications in obstructive sleep apnoea. Thorax. 2018 Apr;73(4):472-480. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210313. Epub 2017 Nov 3. PMID: 29101131; PMCID: PMC5900553.
Shochat T, Umphress J, Israel AG, Ancoli-Israel S. Insomnia in primary care patients. Sleep. 1999;22 Suppl 2:S359-S365
LeBlanc M, Beaulieu-Bonneau S, Merette C, Savard J, Ivers H, Morin CM. Psychological and health-related quality of life factors associated with insomnia in a population-based sample. J Psychosom Res. 2007;63(2):157-166. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.03.004
Wing YK, Zhang J, Lam SP, Li SX, Tang NL, Lai KY, et al. Familial aggregation and heritability of insomnia in a community-based study. Sleep Med. 2012;13(8):985-990. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.05.012
Sateia MJ. International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: highlights and modifications. Chest. 2014;146(5):1387-1394. doi: 10.1378/chest.14-0970
Manconi M, Ferri R, Sagrada C, et al. Measuring the error of sleep estimation in normal subjects and in patients with insomnia. J Sleep Res. 2010;19(3):478-486. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00829.x