Effectiveness of Retro Walking Exercise Versus Core Stability Exercise for Coastal Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee – A Randomized Active Control Study
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Most patients who suffer from osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative disease, are in their fourth and fifth decades of life. When one ages, it leads to joint wear and tear. Bones, cartilage, and synovium are the structures that are impacted. Retro walking is regarded as a successful closed kinetic chain workout to enhance the body's equilibrium and lower-body strength. Core stability exercises are exercises designed to improve the strength and stability of the muscles that support the spine, hips, and knees, core stability exercise lessen the strain on the lumbar muscles and lower extremities as well as the intradiscal pressure. An adapted curriculum for the needs is needed.
Objective: The study's goal was to investigate the effectiveness of retro walking exercise versus core stability training.
Methodology: 30 subjects with osteoarthritis knee were selected. They were randomly assigned to two groups that is Retro walking exercise (RWE) group and Core Stability Exercise (CSE) group. RWE group received retro walking exercise and conventional exercise and CSE group received core stability exercise and conventional exercise. Exercise is given for 6 weeks Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) were used to measure pain and functional activity scores prior to and following the intervention.
Result: The data was analysed and interpreted using the SPSS version. There was a significant reduction in NPRS and WOMAC score in both groups and a significant difference was found between RWE group and CSE group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: From the above study, we draw the conclusion that both exercises were successful in treating patients with knee osteoarthritis, but retro walking demonstrates an additional notable extent of handicap decrease.
Article Details
References
Lützner, Jörg, et al. “Surgical Options for Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee.” Nature Reviews Rheumatology, vol. 5, no. 6, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, June 2009, pp. 309–16.
Fitzgerald, G K. “Therapeutic exercise for knee osteoarthritis: considering factors that may influence outcome.” Europa medicophysica vol. 41,2 (2005): 163-71.
Litwic, A., et al. “Epidemiology and Burden of Osteoarthritis.” British Medical Bulletin, vol. 105, no. 1, Oxford UP (OUP), Jan. 2013, pp. 185–99.
Xie, Yujie, et al. “Quadriceps Combined With Hip Abductor Strengthening Versus Quadriceps Strengthening in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.” BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 19, no. 1, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, May 2018
Mahir L, Belhaj K, Zahi S, Azanmasso H, Lmidmani F, El Fatimi A. Impact of knee osteoarthritis on the quality of life. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2016 Sep;59
Berenbaum F. Osteoarthritis as an inflammatory disease (osteoarthritis is not osteoarthrosis!). Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2013 1 21(1):16-21
Daghestani HN, Kraus VB. Inflammatory biomarkers in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015 11 23(11):1890-6
Greene MA, Loeser RF. Aging-related inflammation in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015 11 23(11):1966-71
Malfait AM. Osteoarthritis year in review 2015: Biology. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2016 1 24(1):21-6
Orlowsky EW, Kraus VB. The role of innate immunity in osteoarthritis: When our first line of defense goes on the offensive. J Rheumatol. 2015 3 42(3):363-71
Scanzello CR, Goldring SR. The role of synovitis in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Bone. 2012 8 51(2):249-57
Scanzello CR, Goldring SR. The role of synovitis in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Bone. 2012 8 51(2):249-57
Sellam J, Berenbaum F. Is osteoarthritis a metabolic disease? Jt Bone Spine. 2013 12 80(6):568-73
Andrianakos AA, Kontelis LK, Karamitsos DG, et al.: Prevalence of symptomatic knee, hand and hip osteoarthritis in Greece. The ESORDIG study. J Rheumatology 2006; 33: 2507–13.
Felson DT, Couropmitree NN, Chaisson CE, et al.: Evidence for a Mendelian gene in a segregation analysis of generalized radiographic osteoarthritis. The Framingham Study. Arthr Rheum 1998; 41: 1064–71
D’Ambrosia RD: Epidemiology of osteoarthritis. Orthopedics 2005; 28 (Suppl. 2): p. 201–205.
Sharma, Vandana, et al. “Arthritis of the Knee.” DeckerMed Pain Management, Decker Medicine, Apr. 2017
Richebé P, Capdevila X, Rivat C. Persistent Postsurgical Pain: Pathophysiology and Preventative Pharmacologic Considerations. Anesthesiology. 2018.
van der Esch, M et al. “Clinical phenotypes in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a study in the Amsterdam osteoarthritis cohort.” Osteoarthritis and cartilage vol. 23,4 (2015): 544-9
Lespasio, Michelle J et al. “Knee Osteoarthritis: A Primer.” The Permanente journal vol. 21 (2017): 16-183.
Jönsson T, Ekvall Hansson E, Thorstensson CA, Eek F, Bergman P, Dahlberg LE. The effect of education and supervised exercise on physical activity, pain, quality of life and self-efficacy - an intervention study with a reference group. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2018;19
Kim K, Lee S, Lee K. Effects of Progressive Body Weight Support Treadmill Forward and Backward Walking Training on Stroke Patients’ Affected Side Lower Extremity’s Walking Ability. Journal of Physical Therapy Science 2014; 26:1923–7.
Brink M. The effect of backward locomotion as a rehabilitation program on functional ability of patients following knee injury. Stellenbosch University. 2010.
Hernandez, Daniel, et al. “Efficacy of Core Exercises in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.” Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, vol. 23, no. 4, Elsevier BV, Oct. 2019, pp. 881–87.
Kisner, C., & Colby, L. (2011). Therapeutic Exercise: Foundation and Techniques.
Hjermstad, Marianne Jensen et al. “Studies comparing Numerical Rating Scales, Verbal Rating Scales, and Visual Analogue Scales for assessment of pain intensity in adults: a systematic literature review.” Journal of pain and symptom management vol. 41,6 (2011): 1073-93.
Ayala, Alba, et al. “Scale Invariance and Longitudinal Stability of the Physical Functioning Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Using the Rasch Model.” Rheumatology International, vol. 38, no. 3, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Dec. 2017, pp. 473–79.
Chen LY, Su FC, Chiang PY. Kinematic and EMG analysis of backward walking on treadmill. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2000; 2:825–7)
Kumar TR, Ashraf M. The effect of backward walking treadmill training on kinematics of the trunk and lower limbs. Serb J Sports Sci. 2009; 3:121–7.).
Esch, Martin van der, et al. “Decrease of Muscle Strength Is Associated With Increase of Activity Limitations in Early Knee Osteoarthritis: 3-Year Results From the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee Study.” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol. 95, no. 10, Elsevier BV, Oct. 2014, pp. 1962–68
Messier, Stephen P., et al. “Exercise and Weight Loss in Obese Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Preliminary Study.” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 48, no. 9, Wiley, Sept. 2000, pp. 1062–72.
Wallis JA, Webster KE, Levinger P, Singh PJ, Fong C, Taylor NF, Maximum tolerated dose of walking for people with severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a phase I trial, Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2015),
Alghadir, Ahmad H., et al. “Effect of 6-week Retro or Forward Walking Program on Pain, Functional Disability, Quadriceps Muscle Strength, and Performance in Individuals with 1Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Retro-walking Trial).” BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 20, no. 1, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Apr. 2019
Kibler, W. Ben, et al. “The Role of Core Stability in Athletic Function.” Sports Medicine, vol. 36, no. 3, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2006, pp. 189–98
Fukuda TY, Rossetto FM, Magalhaes E, et al. Short-term effects of hip abductors and lateral rotators strengthening in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40: 736–742
Ferber R, Bolgla L, Earl-Boehm JE, et al. Strengthening of the hip and core versus knee muscles for the treatment of patellofemoral pain: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Athl Train 2015; 50: 366–377.
Wallis JA, Webster KE, Levinger P, Singh PJ, Fong C, Taylor NF. A walking program for people with severe knee osteoarthritis did not reduce pain but may have benefits for cardiovascular health: a phase II randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2017;25(12):1969–79.