The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Exercise on Mental Health During Pregnancy Among Primigravida Mothers
Main Article Content
Abstract
Becoming a mother is a challenging process that involves both internal thoughts and external behaviors, which can cause significant stress and anxiety for new mothers. Mindfulness is an effective technique for reducing stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness exercises on the mental health of primigravida mothers during pregnancy in urban and rural areas of Vadodara. The study utilized a Non-Equivalent Control Group Quasi Experimental Research Design and recruited 60 primigravida mothers aged between 20 to 35 years through nonprobability convenience sampling. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to collect data, which were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as independent t-test and chi-square test. The results indicated a significant difference in the level of stress between the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group showing a lower mean stress level than the control group after the intervention. The study concluded that teaching and practicing mindfulness exercises during pregnancy can help reduce stress in pregnant mothers, regardless of socio-demographic factors.
Article Details
References
Dhillon, Anjulie et al. “Mindfulness-Based Interventions During Pregnancy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” Mindfulness vol. 8,6 (2017): 1421-1437. doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0726-x
Pan, Wan-Lin et al. “Assessing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based programs on mental health during pregnancy and early motherhood - a randomized control trial.” BMC pregnancy and childbirth vol. 19,1 346. 10 Oct. 2019, doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2503-4
Zarenejad, M, Yazdkhasti, M, Rahimzadeh, M, MehdizadehTourzani, Z, Esmaelzadeh‐Saeieh, S. The effect of mindfulness‐based stress reduction on maternal anxiety and self‐efficacy: A randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav. 2020; 10:e01561. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1561
Staneva AA, Bogossian F, Wittkowski A. The experience of psychological distress, depression, and anxiety during pregnancy: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Midwifery. 2015;31(6):563–73.
Davis EP, Glynn LM, Waffarn F, Sandman CA. Prenatal maternal stress programs infant stress regulation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011;52(2): 119–29.
Hahn-Holbrook J, Cornwell-Hinrichs T, Anaya I. Economic and health predictors of National Postpartum Depression Prevalence: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of 291 studies from 56 countries. Frontiers In Psychiatry. 2018;8:248.
Kessler RC. The effects of stressful life events on depression. Annu Rev Psychol. 1997;48(1):191–214
Shi Z, MacBeth A. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on maternal perinatal mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Mindfulness. 2017;8(4):823–47.
Lenz, Bernd et al. “Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction in Pregnancy: an App-Based Programme to Improve the Health of Mothers and Children (MINDFUL/PMI Study).” Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde vol. 78,12 (2018): 1283-1291. doi:10.1055/a-0677-2630
Taylor BL, Cavanagh K, Strauss C. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in the perinatal period: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0155720.
Beddoe AE, Yang C-PP, Kennedy HP, Weiss SJ, Lee KA. The effects of mindfulness-based yoga during pregnancy on maternal psychological and physical distress. J ObstetGynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2009;38(3):310–9.
Dunn C, Hanieh E, Roberts R, Powrie R. Mindful pregnancy and childbirth: effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on women’s psychological distress and well-being in the perinatal period. Archives of Women’s Mental Health. 2012;15(2):139–43.
Pan W-L, Gau M-L, Lee T-Y, Jou H-J, Liu C-Y, Wen T-K. Mindfulness-based programme on the psychological health of pregnant women. Women and Birth. 2019;32(1):e102–9