Current Practice of Diagnosis and Reporting of Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background - Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is the histological term for a precancerous disorder of the prostate gland. It can be identified by the presence of abnormal cells in the prostatic ducts and acini, which may be a precursor to prostate cancer. Prostate biopsies performed to evaluate an increase in prostate-specific antigen or suspect results from digital rectal examinations frequently reveal prostate intraepithelial neoplasia.
Methods: In the Department of Pathology at the Karad Institute of Medical Sciences, 127 people with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia underwent prospective cross-sectional research from January 2017 to May 2019. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, reporting norms, and management strategies were all gathered. Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia was determined by histological examination of prostate biopsy tissues.
Results: The 127 patients in the study ranged in age from 50 to 80 years, with an average age of 65. The majority of clinical manifestations were associated with elevated Prostate Specific Antigen levels (87.4%) and abnormal digital rectal test findings. The diagnostic procedures utilized to confirm Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia were targeted biopsy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy.
Conclusion: This study highlights the current approaches for prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosis and reporting. The methods used by pathologists for reporting varied greatly. Active surveillance is a common therapy strategy for patients with Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Uniform standards for the diagnosis, reporting, and therapy of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia must be established in order to enhance patient outcomes. Additional investigation and reaching an agreement are necessary.
Article Details
References
“Study of Various Histopathological Patterns in Prostate Biopsy.” (2017). International Journal of Current Research and Review.
Amin, M., Boccon-Gibod, L., Egevad, L., Epstein, J. I., Humphrey, P. A., Mikuz, G., ... & Montironi, R. (2005). Prognostic and predictive factors and reporting of prostate carcinoma in prostate needle biopsy specimens. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, 39(sup216), 20-33.
Ayala, A. G., & Ro, J. Y. (2007, August 1). Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Recent Advances. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 131(8), 1257–1266.
Berg, W. A., Gutierrez, L., NessAiver, M. S., Carter, W. B., Bhargavan, M., Lewis, R. S., & Ioffe, O. B. (2004, December). Diagnostic Accuracy of Mammography, Clinical Examination, US, and MR Imaging in Preoperative Assessment of Breast Cancer. Radiology, 233(3), 830–849.
Bhat, P., Bhat, S., Chaudhri, S., Hatwal, D., & Bhat, A. (2019). Fine needle aspiration cytology as a diagnostic tool for assessment of cervical lymphadenopathy in a hospital-based study in garhwal region. MedPulse - International Journal of Pathology, 10(3), 155–158.
Epstein, J. I. (1999). How should atypical prostate needle biopsies be reported? Controversies regarding the term" ASAP". Human pathology, 30(12), 1401-1402.
Evangalin, D. J. (2018). Histomorphological Spectrum of Prostatic Lesions and Its Correlation with Prostate Specific Antigen Level. Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, 6(9).
Hirachand, S., Dangol, U., Pradhanang, S., & Acharya, S. (2017, March 30). Study of prostatic pathology and its correlation with prostate specific antigen level. Journal of Pathology of Nepal, 7(1), 1074–1077.
Huang, W., Fisher, P. R., Dulaimy, K., Tudorica, L. A., O’Hea, B., & Button, T. M. (2004, August). Detection of Breast Malignancy: Diagnostic MR Protocol for Improved Specificity. Radiology, 232(2), 585–591.
Humphrey, P. A. (2003, January). Tumors of the Prostate Gland, Seminal Vesicles, Male Urethra, and PenisYoungR.H., SrigleyJ.R., AminM.B., UlbrightT.M. and CubillaA.L.: Tumors of the Prostate Gland, Seminal Vesicles, Male Urethra, and Penis. In: . Washington, D. C.: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology2000: 495 pages. Journal of Urology, 169(1), 426–427.
Jang, W. S., Yoon, C. Y., Kim, M. S., Kang, D. H., Kang, Y. J., Jeong, W. S., Abalajon, M. J., Ham, W. S., & Choi, Y. D. (2016). The prognostic role of tertiary Gleason pattern 5 in a contemporary grading system for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, 20(1), 93–98.
Joniau, S., Goeman, L., Pennings, J., & Van Poppel, H. (2005). Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN): importance and clinical management. European urology, 48(3), 379-385.
Karki, K., C, S., Shah, S., Singh, D., & Gosai, S. (2019). High School Students’ Knowledge on Tuberculosis Prevention: A Quantitative Survey in Bhaktapur of Nepal. Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences, 8(1), 1.
Kumar, R., & Ahmad, W. (2019). Spectrum of prostate gland lesions: a clinico-pathologic study in south-western Bihar, India. International Journal of Advances in Medicine, 6(3), 885.
Liberman, L., Morris, E. A., Dershaw, D. D., Abramson, A. F., & Tan, L. K. (2003, April). MR Imaging of the Ipsilateral Breast in Women with Percutaneously Proven Breast Cancer. American Journal of Roentgenology, 180(4), 901–910.
Londhe, A. M., & Shah, A. B. (2018). Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Levels and its Correlation to Prostatic Lesions. Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 5(11), A894-899.
Mainali, N., Nepal, N., Chaudhary, P. K., & Shrestha, J. (2018). Study on Correlation between Serum Prostate Specific Antigen and Various Prostatic Pathology. Nepalese Medical Journal, 1(2), 70–73.
Maru, A., Makwana, H., Lakum, N., Chokshi, T., Agnihotri, A., Trivedi, N., & Joshi, J. (2014). Study on correlation between PSA and various prostatic pathology. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 3(6), 735.
McGuire, B. B., Helfand, B. T., Loeb, S., Hu, Q., O’Brien, D., Cooper, P., Yang, X., & Catalona, W. J. (2011). Outcomes in patients with Gleason score 8-10 prostate cancer: relation to preoperative PSA level. BJU International, 109(12), 1764–1769.
Puttaswamy, K., Parthiban, R., & Shariff, S. (2016). Histopathological Study of Prostatic Biopsies in Men with Prostatism. Journal of Medical Sciences and Health, 02(01), 11–17.
R C, A., M K, M., A K, T., D, S., S, P., & Deshkar, A. M. (2015). Patterns Of Breast Lesions In Patients Attending Cims, Bilaspur, C. G.: A Retrospective Tertiary Hospital Based Study. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 4(78), 13539–13546.
Rekhi, B., Jaswal, T., & Arora, B. (2004). Premalignant lesions of prostate and their association with nodular hyperplasia and carcinoma prostate. Indian Journal of Cancer, 41(2), 60.
Rubin, M. A., Bismar, T. A., Curtis, S., & Montie, J. E. (2004). Prostate needle biopsy reporting: how are the surgical members of the Society of Urologic Oncology using pathology reports to guide treatment of prostate cancer patients? The American journal of surgical pathology, 28(7), 946-952.
Udeh, E. I., Nnabugwu, I. I., Ozoemena, F. O., Ugwumba, F. O., Aderibigbe, A. S. O., Ohayi, S. R., & Echetabu, K. N. (2016). Prostate-specific antigen density values among patients with symptomatic prostatic enlargement in Nigeria. World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 14(1).
Zivkovic, S. (2004). Correlation between prostate-specific antigen and histopathological difference of prostate carcinoma. Archive of Oncology, 12(3), 148–151.