Occupational Dermatoses
Main Article Content
Abstract
Occupational dermatoses are frequent and can have serious consequences. This review discusses occupational dermatoses' causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Chemicals, irritants, allergens, physical agents, and biological agents cause occupational dermatoses. These exposures can cause contact dermatitis, acne, skin infections, and occupational urticaria.
Occupational dermatoses' symptoms vary by condition and work exposure. Itching, redness, rash, blistering, and swelling are common. Healthcare providers must recognize these dermatoses as occupational to properly diagnose and treat them.
A medical history, physical exam, patch testing, skin biopsies, and laboratory tests are used to diagnose occupational dermatoses. Effective treatment requires early detection and diagnosis.
Occupational dermatoses are managed by minimizing exposure to causative substances, using adequate skin care, and treating symptoms with medications. Personal protection equipment, workplace hygiene, and worker training are prevention methods.
This review also includes occupational dermatoses research trends and directions. These include genetic susceptibility to occupational hazards, the development of novel diagnostic methods like reflectance confocal microscopy, the exploration of alternative testing models to reduce animal use, the integration of digital health technologies for remote monitoring and management, and innovative prevention strategies using nanotechnology and artificial intelligence. In conclusion, occupational dermatoses are difficult for patients and employers. Healthcare workers must understand the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of various disorders. This paper's developing patterns and future directions give significant insights into occupational dermatoses research and prospective pathways for improved prevention and management measures.
Article Details
References
Srinivas CR, Sethy M. Occupational Dermatoses. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2022 Dec 14;14(1):21-31. doi: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_332_22. PMID: 36776171; PMCID: PMC9910518.
Nicholson PJ. Evidence-based guidelines: occupational contact dermatitis and urticaria. Occupational Medicine. 2010 Oct 1;60(7):502-4.
Lushniak BD. Occupational skin diseases. Prim Care. 2000 Dec;27(4):895-916. doi: 10.1016/s0095-4543(05)70183-4. PMID: 11072293.
Bhatia R, Sharma VK. Occupational dermatoses: an Asian perspective. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 2017 Sep 1;83:525.
Akhtar S, Hassan I, Rasool F, Bhat YJ, Sheikh G. Occupational dermatoses among cottage industry workers of Kashmir Valley in North India. Indian dermatology online journal. 2017 May;8(3):181.
Battu RV, Pasricha JS. Occupational dermatoses in some selected industries in India. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 1985 Jan 1;51:26.
Bashir S, Hassan I, Wani RT, Zeerak S, Shah FY. Pattern of skin diseases and occupational dermatoses among paddy field workers in Kashmir Valley: A cross-sectional study from North India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine. 2021 Oct;46(4):610.
Shenoi SD, Davis SV, Rao S, Rao G, Nair S. Dermatoses among paddy field workers-A descriptive, cross-sectional pilot study. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 2005 Jul 1;71:254.
Kuruvila M, Mukhi SV, Kumar P, Rao GS, Sridhar KS, Kotian MS. Occupational dermatoses in Beedi rollers. Indian journal of dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 2002 Jan 1;68:10.
Adam-Poupart A, Labreche F, Smargiassi A, Duguay P, Busque MA, Gagne C, Rintamäki H, Kjellstrom T, Zayed J. Climate change and occupational health and safety in a temperate climate: potential impacts and research priorities in Quebec, Canada. Industrial health. 2013;51(1):68-78.
Diepgen TL, Coenraads PJ. The epidemiology of occupational contact dermatitis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1999;72(8):496-506. doi:10.1007/s004200050409
Flyvholm MA, Bach B, Rose M, et al. Self-reported hand eczema in a hospital population. Contact Dermatitis. 2007;57(2):110-115. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01129.x
Coenraads PJ, Diepgen TL. Risk for hand eczema in employees with past or present atopic dermatitis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1998;70(4):279-282. doi:10.1007/s004200050306
Diepgen TL, Agner T, Aberer W, et al. Management of chronic hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis. 2007;57(4):203-210. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01242.x
Peiser M, Tralau T, Heidler J, Api AM, Arts JH, Basketter DA, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, in vitro methods and regulatory aspects. Current knowledge assembled at an international workshop at BfR, Germany. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2012 Mar;69(5):763-81. doi: 10.1007/s00018-011-0846-8. Epub 2011 Oct 14. PMID: 21997384; PMCID: PMC3276771.
Riedel F, Aparicio-Soto M, Curato C, Thierse HJ, Siewert K, Luch A. Immunological Mechanisms of Metal Allergies and the Nickel-Specific TCR-pMHC Interface. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 15;18(20):10867. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182010867. PMID: 34682608; PMCID: PMC8535423.
Fartasch M. Epidermal barrier in disorders of the skin. Microsc Res Tech. 1997 Aug 15;38(4):361-72. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970815)38:4<361::AID-JEMT4>3.0.CO;2-M. PMID: 9297686.
Beltrani VS. Occupational dermatoses. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Apr;3(2):115-23. doi: 10.1097/00130832-200304000-00005. PMID: 12750608.
Isaksson M, Möller H, Pontén A. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from epoxy resin in a golf club repairman. Dermatitis. 2008 Sep-Oct;19(5):E30-2. PMID: 18845108.
Agner T. Susceptibility of atopic dermatitis patients to irritant dermatitis caused by sodium lauryl sulphate. Acta Derm Venereol. 1991;71(4):296-300.
Lachapelle JM. Prevention of occupational skin diseases: is there a role for protective gloves? Eur J Dermatol. 2003;13(1):9-15.
Dulon M, Pohrt U, Skudlik C, Nienhaus A. Prevention of occupational skin disease: a workplace intervention study in geriatric nurses. Br J Dermatol. 2009 Aug;161(2):337-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09226.x. Epub 2009 May 12. PMID: 19438864.
Dubin C, Del Duca E, Guttman-Yassky E. Drugs for the Treatment of Chronic Hand Eczema: Successes and Key Challenges. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2020 Dec 31;16:1319-1332. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S292504. Erratum in: Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2021 Mar 18;17:233. PMID: 33408476; PMCID: PMC7780849.
Keegel T, Cahill J, Noonan A, Dharmage S, Saunders H, Frowen K, Nixon R. Incidence and prevalence rates for occupational contact dermatitis in an Australian suburban area. Contact Dermatitis. 2005 May;52(5):254-9. doi: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00571.x. PMID: 15898998.
Warshaw EM, Maibach HI, Taylor JS, Sasseville D, DeKoven JG, Zirwas MJ, et al. North American contact dermatitis group patch test results: 2011-2012. Dermatitis. 2015 Jan-Feb;26(1):49-59. doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000097. PMID: 25581671.
De Benedetto A, Rafaels NM, McGirt LY, et al. Tight junction defects in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(3):773-786.e1-e7. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1081
Ulrich M, Themstrup L, de Carvalho Navega MT, et al. Optical coherence tomography imaging in the diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 2017;77(6):392-399. doi:10.1111/cod.12799
Api AM, Basketter DA, Cadby PA, et al. Dermal sensitization quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for fragrance ingredients. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015;71(2):248-260. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.006
Ferrándiz L, Ojeda-Vila T, Corrales A, Martín-Gutiérrez FJ, Ruíz-de-Casas A, Galdeano R, Álvarez-Torralba I, Sánchez-Ibáñez F, Domínguez-Toro JM, Encina F, Narbona FJ. Internet-based skin cancer screening using clinical images alone or in conjunction with dermoscopic images: A randomized teledermoscopy trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2017 Apr 1;76(4):676-82.
DeLouise LA. Applications of nanotechnology in dermatology. J Invest Dermatol. 2012 Mar;132(3 Pt 2):964-75. doi: 10.1038/jid.2011.425. Epub 2012 Jan 5. PMID: 22217738; PMCID: PMC4066738.