Factors Forecasting the Outcome of Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Severe skin diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates include toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). For best management, it is essential to comprehend the variables that predict how certain circumstances will turn out.

Methods: The objective of this retrospective study was to discover the variables that predicted the results of SJS and TEN. Data were gathered from the medical files of patients with SJS or TEN diagnoses. The analysis covered 150 patients in total. The evaluation of clinical traits, triggers, treatment patterns, and test results. Mortality was the main result, and mucosal involvement and the degree of skin detachment were the secondary results.

Results: The most frequent cause of SJS and TEN was medication, particularly antibiotics. Poor outcomes were linked to mucosal involvement and extensive body surface area (BSA) involvement. A considerable portion of patients had leukocytosis and hypoalbuminemia, according to laboratory results. Supportive care, such as managing fluids and caring for wounds, was given to everyone. In most instances, systemic corticosteroids were utilized. Age, significant BSA involvement, and hypoalbuminemia were found to be independent indicators of poor outcomes, with the overall death rate being 20%.

Conclusion: This retrospective investigation found characteristics predicting the course of SJS and TEN, including pharmaceutical triggers, the degree of BSA involvement, mucosal involvement, and laboratory abnormalities. These results highlight how crucial it is to identify these factors early and to manage and monitor them appropriately in order to enhance patient outcomes. To validate these results and create evidence-based management guidelines for SJS and TEN, prospective trials are required.